主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 1-10.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2018.01.001

• 论文 •    下一篇

2013年湖北地区两次雷暴大风过程环境及雷达回波特征

刘希文1, 李得勤2, 韦惠红1, 徐双柱1, 苟阿宁1   

  1. 1. 武汉中心气象台, 湖北 武汉 430074;
    2. 沈阳中心气象台, 辽宁 沈阳 110166
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-08 修回日期:2017-03-10 出版日期:2018-02-28 发布日期:2018-02-28
  • 作者简介:刘希文,男,1981年生,高级工程师,主要从事短时临近预报方法研究,E-mail:liuxiwen_1981@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省气象局重点项目“湖北省雷暴大风预警技术研究”(2016z02)资助。

Environmental and radar echoes characteristic analysis of two thunderstorm gale processes in Hubei province in 2013

LIU Xi-wen1, LI De-qin2, WEI Hui-hong1, XU Shuang-zhu1, GOU A-ning1   

  1. 1. Wuhan Central Meteorological Observatory, Wuhan 430074, China;
    2. Shenyang Central Meteorological Observatory, Shenyang 110166, China
  • Received:2016-11-08 Revised:2017-03-10 Online:2018-02-28 Published:2018-02-28

摘要: 本文选取2013年5月23日和8月18日湖北地区两次灾害性雷暴大风过程(简称"523"和"818"过程),基于天气实况、NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)再分析资料和雷达资料分别从两次雷暴大风过程的天气形势、探空结构、大气参数特征及雷达回波演变等多角度分析归纳造成灾害性大风的有利条件。结果表明:"523"过程为高空冷槽东移背景下,十堰地区形成典型的超级单体;"818"过程在副热带高压外围东北气流和登陆台风的共同影响下,在热力和不稳定条件、地面辐合线的共同作用下,阵风锋出流触发了雷暴大风。2013年湖北地区两次雷暴大风过程大气参数具有一定的相似性,均存在较大的对流有效位能CAPE(>1300 J·kg-1),整层水汽条件均较差,低层均为干绝热递减。θse垂直分布表明两次雷暴大风过程在中低层有干空气侵入,同时一些重要的强对流参数K指数和垂直风切变等差异明显,反映了大气参数在强对流预报中的复杂性和不确定性。"523"过程雷达回波具有中气旋、钩状回波、V型缺口及回波悬垂等特征,"818"过程雷达回波具有阵风锋、弓形回波及强回波中心迅速向地面塌陷等特征。两次雷暴大风过程均有中低层径向速度辐合和地面大风核。中气旋、钩状回波、阵风锋、弓形回波和中低层径向速度辐合等雷达回波特征对雷暴大风预警具有较好的指示意义。

关键词: 雷暴大风, 对流参数, 超级单体, 阵风锋

Abstract: Two thunderstorm gale processes happening in Hubei province on May 23 and August 18,2013,called "523" and "818" processes,respectively were analyzed.The thunderstorm gales were investigated through analysis of the weather situation,vertical structure,physical parameters of the atmosphere and Doppler radar echo using conventional weather,NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis and radar data.The results indicate that the "523" process is a typical supercell forming at Shiyan region under the condition of high altitude cold trough shifting eastward.The "818" process is a severe convection result due to the combined interaction between unstable conditions and weak cold air at the surface under the influence of a subtropical high outside northeastern airflow and a landing typhoon.The atmospheric parameters of the two processes have some similarities with a high value in CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) (>1 300 J·kg-1),a dry adiabatic decreasing condition in the lower level,and a poor water vapor condition in the entire level.The vertical distribution of θse shows that there is an invading dry air in the mid-low level during the two weather processes.Some convection parameters,such as K index and vertical wind shear,show a significant difference between the two processes.It reveals the complexity and uncertainty to predict atmosphere parameters of a thunderstorm gale weather.The main radar echo characteristics in the "523" process include mesocyclone,hook echo,‘V’ notch and echo pendency.Those in the "818" process include gust front,bow echo,and echo center quickly dropping to the ground.A typical mid-altitude radial convergence and areas of large gale speed value are also observed in the two processes.These radar echo characteristics,such as Mesocyclone,hook echo,gust front,mid-altitude radial convergence,are good indicators for the forecasting of a thunderstorm gale.

Key words: Thunderstorm gale, Convection parameter, Supercell, Gust fronts

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